Carterville is a city in Williamson County, Illinois, United States, geographically situated between Carbondale and Marion. The city is located next to Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge. The Refuge's 44,000 acres of land and water contain a wide diversity of flora and fauna. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 5,496. The city is part of the Carbondale-Marion combined statistical area and city has grown considerably as a residential community of Carbondale and Marion.